The Academic Forum is a publication of the Office for Academic Affairs,
Dr. Larry G. Carter, Vice President.

The Academic Forum is a publication of the Office for Academic Affairs at New Jersey City University, Hepburn Hall 309, 2039 Kennedy Boulevard, Jersey City, New Jersey 07305. The Academic Forum is concerned with publishing creative, scholarly, and research works submitted by the faculty, professional staff, and students of New Jersey City University. The publication is of particular interest to faculty, professional staff, administrators, and students in urban higher education institutions throughout the northeast region of the United States. Original articles or proposals for themes for subsequent issues are welcome and should be addressed to either the Editor in Chief or Managing Editor at The Academic Forum, Hepburn Hall 309, New Jersey City University, 2039 Kennedy Boulevard, Jersey City, New Jersey 07305. The managing editor can be reached by phone at 201-200-2033 or fax at 201-200-2072. Articles should be submitted as double-spaced print manuscripts with disk copies. The Academic Forum uses Word 97 to edit submitted materials. Manuscripts should follow the stylistic guidelines set forth in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th edition (1994) or the most recent edition as published by the American Psychological Association (APA). Electronic citation should follow Electronic Styles: Handbook for Citing Electronic Information (1996) by Xia Li and Nancy B. Crane, published by Information Today, Inc., Medford, New Jersey. Manuscripts are submitted at the sender’s risk and no responsibility is assumed for the return of the material. No compensation is paid for articles published. The Academic Forum is published twice during the academic year and is offered at no charge to the recipient. Copyright © 2000 by The Academic Forum, New Jersey City University. No part of this publication may be reproduced or duplicated in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher, New Jersey City University and author(s). Permission to reprint articles must be secured by contacting the managing editor of The Academic Forum and is contingent upon permission by the author AND inclusion of The Academic Forum copyright notice on the first page of the reproduced material.